PSY 526 - Psychology of Learning
Fall 2001 - FD 106
Instructor: Moises F. Salinas, Ph.D. Office: 214 Marcus White
Office Hours: T-Th 2:00 - 4:00 p.m. Telephone: 860-832-3104
Class Hours W 6:50-9:30 p.m. E-Mail: salinasm@ccsu.edu
Web: www.psychology.ccsu.edu/salinas
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I. OVERVIEW
This is a general course in the theories and research on human learning and motivation. By the end of the class, you will be able to:
II. COURSE MATERIALS
Texts: Human Learning (3rd Edition),
by Jeanne E. Ormrod.
Optional: How to Write Psychology Papers, Parrot, L. (1999).
III. COURSE REQUIREMENTS AND EVALUATION
A. Regular attendance and participation, including occasional understanding checks; to use the theories, critiques ideas and grasp the basic content: 20 points.
You will be expected to have read the materials to be discussed in class!
What is an understanding check? I have found that having regular activities that ask you to use the information we're reading and discussing encourages deeper processing and longer retention. I want to be sure about your grasp of the material. I also want you to get used to writing about these theories for other faculty as well. These are not exams or quizzes, but in class applications and discussions that use the reading material in a way that demonstrates you understand it.
B. Project Paper. For this you have two options:
B1 - A Learning/Teaching project; to demonstrate the use of theories in the actual practice
of learning or teaching: 30 points total
To give you an opportunity to experience firsthand the concepts we are discussing, you will be invited to undertake an eight week project in which you are either the learner or the teacher. You may choose what you wish to learn or teach, but it can range from a new skill (like tennis) to a new language (like SPSS) to a new content area (but not this content). Of course, if you decide you want to be the teacher, you will need to find a learner. Your grade will not be based on whether you learned or taught, but on how well you understood and applied the course content to the process. In this project, you will monitor and plan the learning activities and maintain a personal physical log of strategies attempted, experiences, interpretations and observations on the progress of learning and the reasons behind it. When the eight week period is over, you will produce a report that describes objectively what was observed and subjectively what was going on in the learner. (Note that if you choose to be a teacher, you'll have to debrief the learner periodically.) Then you will analyze in groups the learning/teaching from the standpoint of one or more of the theories we have studied during the semester. Once the projects have been decided on, I will attempt to group class members into "learning teams" working on similar projects. These groups will meet during class as one of the regular class activities and compare notes and observations from their log and discuss questions I will provide.
B2 - Team Research Paper: You will be asked to write a term paper which counts 30% of your final grade.
The details will be discussed when the assignment is given. For this paper, you will be researching in a team of two to three people a subject area which interests you and writing 10-15 pages integrating the information you have read. You will need at least five (5) primary research references to support the points you make in your paper. Each research team will meet periodically as part of the class activities to discuss and work on their project.
C. Connection Papers: Three "connections" essays; to make the connections between this content and your area of specialization: 10 points each. One of the most agreed-on phenomena in learning is the value of making connections between prior knowledge and new learning, between learner goals and learning goals, between classroom contexts and "real world" contexts of use. Therefore, approximately every other week, you'll have an opportunity to describe how some aspect of what we have been discussing applies in your own experience or field. You'll bring a 1-2 page essay that makes a connection between the literature in your own field and this course, which will be shared in small groups with others from the same or closely related fields. The first two essays may be reworked on the basis of feedback and resubmitted once each for additional points, but this must be done before the third essay is submitted.
D. Paper presentation: Each student will select one or two professional papers from a file the first day of class, and lead a 20-30 minute discussion of the paper in class worth 10% of your grade. Each week there will be one or two presentations, and the papers will be presented when a topic is appropriate for that day of class. In addition, each student is required to give a one-to-two page handout summarizing the paper.
E. Team Presentation: Each learning team will prepare either a short (10-15 min.) presentation or a poster presentation about your projects. The presentation will be worth 10% of your final grade and will be delivered the final day of class.
F. Evaluation: Your final grade will be based upon the following:
Project Paper 30%
3 "Connections" Papers 30%
Class Participation 20%
Paper Presnetation 10%
Team Presentation 10%
The final grades will be based on the following scale: 85 points or more will earn an "A"; 70 points a "B"; 55 points a "C". I cannot imagine anyone at this level falling below 55 points. If that appears to be happening, we'll talk before it's too late.
G. Class activities: Since this is a three hour class, we're going to do a lot of different things each week so our attention is maintained. Class will usually follow this sequence:
- 1st 75 minutes: Review and discussion of main reading topic for the day and paper presentations
- Break
- 2nd 40 minutes: One of three possible activities - read and discuss "connections" essays in groups or report and discuss learning projects or do an understanding check or activity about major theories
Final 20 minutes: Debriefing on group activities if appropriate or continue the
understanding checks or activities.
This schedule is subject to correction as we see how the group coalesces. I am always open to deviations from the schedule for interesting but related current events.
SESSION |
TENTATIVE COURSE SCHEDULE AND READINGS |
PAPER PRESENTATIONS |
ACTIVITIES |
|
9/5 |
Introduction: Overview of Human Learning |
||
|
9/12 |
Behavior Theory: Classical and Operant Theory and Practice. Ormrod 1-6 |
-Chance -Kohn |
DEBATE |
|
9/19 |
Social Cognitive Theory and Practice. Ormrod 7 |
-Bandura |
EXPERIENCE ANALYSIS |
|
10/3 |
The Switch from Behavior to Cognition. Ormrod 8 |
-Shuell -Meyer |
Connection 1 |
|
10/10 |
Cognitive Theory and Practice. Ormrod 9-12 (Bloom) |
-Kulhavy et al. |
Project groups meet |
|
10/17 |
Complex Learning. Ormrod 14 |
- Bransford et al. - Dominowski |
PERSONAL THEORY |
|
10/24 |
Transfer to the real world. Ormrod 16 |
- Vanderstoep and Seifert |
Connection 2 Project Proposals due |
|
10/31 |
The Contextual Nature of Learning. |
- Brown, Collins and Dugiud -Perkins and Salomon |
Project groups meet |
|
11/7 |
Applications of Cognitive Theory. Ormrod 13, 15 |
- CTGV -Paris and Winograd |
COURSE DESIGN |
|
11/14 |
Motivation Theories. Ormrod 17-18 (Lamm) |
-Deci, et al. -Dweck and Leggett - Ames and Ames |
Project groups meet |
|
11/28 |
Movie- Stand and Deliver. |
|
|
|
12/5 |
Self-regulated Learning. |
-Zimmerman |
Connection 3 |
|
12/12 |
What's next in Educational Psychology? APA Principles & Instructional Technology |
- Delaney - Salinas |
Course evaluation Projects due |
|
12/12 |
Team Presentations |
Bibliography
1. Chance, P. (1992). The Rewards of learning. Phi Delta Kappan, 3, 74, 200-204.
Kohn, A. (1993). Rewards vs. learning: A response to Paul Chance. Phi Delta Kappan, 10, 74, 783-787.
2. Bandura, A. (1977). Observational Learning. In A. Bandura Social Learning Theory. (pp. 47-69). Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice Hall.
3. Shuell, T.J. (1986). Cognitive Conceptions of Learning. Review of Educational Research, 4, 56, 411-436.;
Meyer, D.K. (1993). What is scaffolded instruction? Definitions, distinguishing features, and misnomers. In D. J. Leu & C. K. Kinzer (Eds.), Examining central issues in literacy research, theory and practice: 42nd Yearbook of the National Reading Conference, pp. 41-53. Chicago, IL: The National Reading Conference, Inc.
4. Kulhavy, R.W., Schwartz, N.H., & Peterson, S. (1986). Working memory: The encoding process. In G. D. Phye & T. Andre (Eds.), Cognitive classroom learning: understanding, thinking, and problem solving(pp. 115-140). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
5. Bransford, J, D., Vye, N., Kinzer, C. K., Risko, V. (1991). Teaching thinking and content knowledge: Toward an integrated approach. In B.F. Jones & L. Idol (Eds), Dimensions of thinking and cognitive instruction. (pp. 381-413). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Dominowski, R. L. (1995). Productive problem solving. In S. M. Smith, & T. B. Ward (Eds.), The creative cognition approach (pp. 73-95). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
6. VanderStoep, Scott W; Seifert, Colleen M. Problem solving, transfer, and thinking. [Chapter] Pintrich, Paul R. (Ed), Brown, Donald R. (Ed), et al. (1994). Student motivation, cognition, and learning: Essays in honor of Wilbert J. McKeachie. (pp. 27-49). Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum
7. Brown, John Seely; Collins, Allan; Duguid, Paul. Situated cognition and the culture of learning. [Chapter] Yazdani, Masoud (Ed), Lawler, Robert Walt (Ed), et al. (1991). Artificial intelligence and education, Vol. 2. (pp. 245-268). Norwood, NJ, USA: Ablex Publishing
Perkins, D. N, & Salomon, Gavriel. (1988). Teaching for Transfer. Educational Leadership, Sep v46 n1 p22-32
8. Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt (1990). Anchored Instruction and its relationship to situated cognition. Educational Reasercher, 19, 6, 2-10.
Paris, Scott G; Winograd, Peter. (1990). How metacognition can promote academic learning and instruction. [Chapter] Jones, Beau Fly (Ed), Idol, Lorna (Ed), et al. Dimensions of thinking and cognitive instruction. (pp. 15-51). Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
9. Deci, Edward L; Vallerand, Robert J; Pelletier, Luc G; Ryan, Richard M. (1991). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. [Journal Article] Educational Psychologist. Vol 26(3-4), Sum-Fal 1991, 325-346..;
Dweck, Carol S; Leggett, Ellen L. A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. [Journal Article] Psychological Review. Vol 95(2), Apr 1988, 256-273.
10. Ames, Russell; Ames, Carole. Motivation and effective teaching. [Chapter] Idol, Lorna (Ed), Jones, Beau Fly (Ed), et al. (1991). Educational values and cognitive instruction: Implications for reform. (pp. 247-271). Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
11. Zimmeman, B. J. (1994). Dimensions of academic self regulation: A conceptual framework for education. In Schunk, Dale H. (Ed); Zimmerman, Barry J. (Ed). Self-regulation of learning and performance: Issues and educational applications. [Edited Book] Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
12. Delaney, J.G. (1999). What are learner centered schools? Paper presented at the Atlantic Provinces Education Foundation Summer Leadership Institute, (Aug 1999). New Foundland, Canada.
Salinas, M.F., & Kozuh, G. (2001). From Dewey to Gates: A model to integrate pedagogical principles in the selection and use of instructional technology. Manuscript submitted for publication